Effect of Dexmedetomidine on Glasgow Coma Scale in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury: An Observational Study.

Background:. Globally, traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the main causes of death, disability, and medical expenses. Objectives: To detect the effect of dexmedetomidine on Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) in Individuals suffering from traumatic brain injury. Methods: The study involved 30 adult patients with moderate traumatic brain injury admitted to the ICU. They received a bolus dose of dexmedetomidine, followed by a maintenance dose for 5 days. Continuous ECG monitoring was conducted, measuring blood pressure, oxygen saturation, heart rate, and GCS. The primary endpoint was GCS, while secondary endpoints included il-6, CRP, ESR levels, and hemodynamic changes. The study aimed to understand the effects of dexmedetomidine on these patients. Results: The study found that all patients experienced an improvement in their GCS score, with the lowest level on admission and the highest on the 5th day. They also showed a reduction in CRP levels, with the highest level on admission and the lowest on the 5th day. There was a significant difference in IL-6 levels between admission and day 5, with the highest on admission and lowest on day 5. ESR levels also declined over five days after admission, with the highest on admission and lowest on day 5. No significant difference was found in hemodynamics between admission and dexmedetomidine administration. Conclusion: The study revealed that administration of dexmedetomidine in the dose of 0.4 mic/kg as initial dose then 0.25 mic/kg/hr in patients with head trauma resulted in significant improvement of GCS without affecting hemodynamics.