Development of marker-based quantification methods fo <i>r Diospyros Montana Roxb</i> using DoE approach and <i>in-silico</i> anti-diabetic screening of selected phytoconstituents of the <i>Diospyros</i> genus

Diabetes mellitus is a rising global health issue, necessitating effective and affordable treatments. This study aimed to develop marker-based quantification methods for <i>Diospyros montana Roxb</i> using a DoE approach and conduct <i>in-silico</i> anti-diabetic screening of its phytoconstituents. Methanolic extracts of the plant underwent fractionation, with the chloroform fraction used for simultaneous HPLC quantification of Plumbagin and Juglone. The <i>in-vitro</i> anti-diabetic effects were evaluated through <i>alpha-amylase</i> and <i>alpha-glucosidase</i> inhibition assays. Cytoscape 3.7.2 was used to construct networks linking phytoconstituents to Type-2 diabetes targets and pathways, while docking studies involved proteins 1SO2, 3H1V, and 5DXU. A validated HPLC method quantified Plumbagin (Rt: 4.618) and Juglone (Rt: 3.998). The chloroform fraction showed significant enzyme inhibition with IC50 values of 36.775 and 33.124. Gene network analysis highlighted 8-hydroxyisodiospyrin, and docking revealed Astragalin's strong binding to 3H1V (score: -10.537). This study underscores <i>Diospyros montana Roxb</i> potential in diabetes management, warranting further research.