Regulation of reparative processes of proximal femur fractures by correction of arterial hypertension (experimental study)

Objective. To study the regulation of reparative processes of proximal femur fractures at intramedullary osteosynthesis against concomitant arterial hypertension correction (by IFN-γ and biochemical parameters). Methods. The experiment involved 36 rats from two groups: healthy normotensive rats and rats with genetically determined arterial hypertension (SHR). Animals of both groups were divided into subgroups. The rats of subgroups 1.2, 2.2, and 2.4 underwent closed mini-invasive intramedullary osteosynthesis after a simulated proximal femur fracture. Rats of subgroups 2.3 and 2.4 were corrected for arterial hypertension with enalapril. The levels of IFN-γ, total protein, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase were determined in the serum of the animals. In the animal groups bone density indices were measured and the relative area of newly formed bone tissue in the bone callus was determined. Results. The level of IFN-γ was elevated after surgery in animals of all groups. The level of this cytokine was higher in SHR rats compared to the same values in intact animals. Administration of enalapril decreased the concentration of IFN-γ. A multidirectional change in the levels of biochemical indices in the blood of animals was demonstrated. It was found that bone mineral density was significantly reduced in the SHR animals group compared to intact animals. According to histomorphometric analysis, the largest relative area of newly formed bone tissue in the bone callus was in intact rats. The relative area of bone trabeculae in the animal group receiving enalapril therapy was greater than in the untreated group. Conclusions. Correction of concomitant arterial hypertension leads to optimization of repair processes of the proximal femur fractures in an experiment.