New Paradigm in Postural Control Response: A Dual Approach Using Center of Pressure and Electroencephalography

The assessment of Postural Control (PC) is crucial for identifying balance deficits, understanding the underlying mechanisms of instability, and guiding targeted interventions. One widely used approach to evaluate PC involves analyzing both the Center of Pressure (CoP) and Electroencephalography (EEG) data. This study aims to investigate differences in PC responses between genders and age groups (Over40 and Under 40) through the analysis of CoP and EEG across different experimental phases designed to evoke PC strategies. The BioVRSea bio-measurement system, which combines virtual reality (VR) and a mobile platform, was used to assess these differences. The CoP analysis revealed statistically significant differences between genders, particularly during transitions from dynamic visual stimuli to static visual conditions. Men exhibited greater sway than women, indicating a higher susceptibility to habituation phenomena. EEG power comparisons across frequency bands (Delta, Theta, Alpha, Beta, and Low Gamma) showed that the Beta and Low Gamma bands consistently differentiated between the sexes, with males exhibiting higher power levels than females. When comparing age groups, significant results were observed during the phases with only visual stimuli (PRE and POST). Subjects over 40 displayed greater sway during these phases, suggesting a deterioration in vestibular and proprioceptive function. EEG analysis revealed that the Theta band consistently showed the most significant age-related differences across all experimental phases. These findings are valuable for predicting fall risk, particularly with age-related decline, and provide insights into the influence of visual, vestibular, and somatosensory systems on PC. Additionally, the results contribute to understanding anatomical factors involved in responses to multiple stimuli, as postural patterns may indicate underlying pathologies.