Progress in Application of Nano-technology in Silicon-Based LIBs

With the growing global demand for clean energy and efficient energy storage technologies, improving the performance of lithium-ion batteries, as one of the most mainstream energy storage devices, has become the focus of scientific research and industrial attention. Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been widely used in portable electronic devices, electric vehicles, smart grids, and large-scale energy storage with their advantages of high energy density, long cycle life, no memory effect, and environmental friendliness. However, with the increasing battery performance requirements in these fields, traditional lithium-ion battery materials have gradually exposed their limitations in energy density, cycle stability, and safety. In this context, nanosilicon, a new anode material, has become a research hotspot in lithium-ion batteries due to its unique physicochemical properties and excellent electrochemical performance. Nano silicon, i.e., silicon materials with dimensions on the order of nanometers, has a larger specific surface area, shorter lithium-ion diffusion paths, and higher mechanical stress tolerance than bulk silicon. These properties make nanosilicon exhibit higher lithium storage capacity, faster charge/discharge rate, and better cycle stability in lithium-ion batteries. Therefore, this paper focuses on the progress of the application of nanosilicon in LIBs and the future development direction.