Modification strategy of lithium iron phosphate anode materials in lithium-ion batteries

Because of the advantages of lithium-ion batteries, such as high energy density, long cycle life, and stable performance, they can dominate the market of electric cars, renewable energy systems, and even medical equipment. Choosing the suitable electrode material is an essential factor in determining the performance of lithium-ion batteries; this paper takes Lithium iron phosphate (LFP) cathode material as an example. The high safety, high-temperature stability, high theoretical capacity, and long life of LFP cathode material make it a promising cathode material. However, it has many disadvantages, such as low lithium-ion diffusion rate, poor battery life, and low electronic conductivity. This review first discusses its characteristics and shortcomings. Then, this paper describes three methods for preparing LFP cathode materials: the solid-state method, the hydrothermal synthesis method, and the Sol-gel method. Finally, three modification methods, namely nanostructure, element doping and surface coating, are emphasized in order to solve the problems existing in LFP and provide ideas for the development of LIBs.