Progress in the Application of Nanotechnology in Lithium-ion Batteries

With the rapid development of electric vehicles in recent years, researchers are looking for more efficient electrode materials for lithium batteries. With the iteration of positive and negative electrode materials for lithium batteries, ordinary electrode materials have been unable to meet the market demand for battery performance. The emergence of nanometer electrode materials began to solve this problem gradually. Therefore, many nanomaterials have emerged in recent years. This paper describes the working principle of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and the application of nanotechnology and nanomaterials in lithium battery electrodes. This paper is divided into two aspects: the application of nanotechnology to positive electrode materials and the application to negative electrode materials. In the application of cathode materials, this paper focuses on introducing lithium manganese phosphate and lithium iron silicate and their nano-sized morphology. It includes the disadvantages of original materials and the advantages of nano-sized materials. At the same time, it also introduces ways of preparing nano-sized materials, such as the solid phase method and gel method. In the negative electrode application of nanomaterials, this paper presents the iteration of two traditional inorganic, nonmetallic materials used in electrodes in batteries and the preparation methods of nanization by comparing graphite with carbon nanotubes and silicon with nano-silicon wires, such as the arc discharge method.