The Impact of Dietary Management on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complications

Given the numerous factors affecting both the mother and fetus, the incidence of complications related to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is increasing. Consequently, research on GDM is extensive, and its prevalence continues to rise annually. Awareness of GDM is growing, and due to its associated risks, dietary management strategies have become one of the more common interventions. Among the prevalent dietary interventions for GDM, medical nutrition therapy (MNT) and the Mediterranean diet have been frequently utilized. Combining dietary management with exercise and lifestyle modifications has shown promising results in treating GDM. Current research primarily focuses on dietary management for GDM, but supplementation of other nutrients remains insufficient, and patient compliance is still lacking. Some research methodologies also suffer from incomplete data. This paper reviews the progress in studies related to MNT and other common treatment methods, identifying current treatment approaches, their status, and existing challenges. It aims to provide a foundational reference for future research, highlighting the need to refine nutrient supplementation strategies tailored to individual patient needs to improve compliance.