Research Progress in Drug Application and Treatment of Breast Cancer Organoids

Background: In recent years, the incidence of breast cancer (BC) is high and on the rise. Organoids, as a new in vitro 3D culture model, play a huge role in BC treatment and drug development. Objective: To summarize the domestic and foreign research experience in BC organoids in drug screening, in order to provide new ideas for BC treatment.Summary: This article briefly summarized the mechanism of action of commonly used drugs for BC, including trastuzumab, tamoxifen, olaparib, paclitaxel, pembrolizumab, and the effects of HER-2 drugs and CDK4/6 inhibitors on BC organoids, clarified the importance of BC organoids, and drew the conclusion that more accurate treatment could be achieved by using this model. The successful establishment of papillary carcinoma organoids further demonstrated the feasibility of cultured 3D models in vitro. On this basis, drug sensitivity tests for different drugs were conducted, and it was concluded that fluvestrant had the best anticancer effect, thus proving that BC organoids played an important role in drug screening. In addition, organoid technology also has a good effect in the treatment of Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Using this model for large-scale drug detection, four compounds including papirinestat, patinib, JIB-04 and TAK-901 showed effective activity on TNBC organoids, indicating that organoids can promote drug discovery. It is concluded that BC organoids are a potential therapeutic model, and the development of this technology provides an innovative approach to treating BC.