Changes in quality of life (QoL) following treatment entry in a drug-free therapeutic community in Belgium

Background Several studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of drug-free therapeutic communities (TCs) in terms of improved mental health and reduced drug use. However, there is limited research on the effectiveness of TCs using patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) such as quality of life (QoL). Methods The study included a baseline sample of 145 participants starting treatment in a TC for addictions in Belgium. Subsequent assessments followed 3, 6, and 12 months after baseline assessment. Changes in total QoL (MANSA) and domain scores were analyzed. Additionally, differences in QoL baseline scores were analyzed between early dropouts and those who completed the program. Results Results showed significant improvements in all QoL domains (except for satisfaction with sexual life). The degree of improvement of total QoL scores, however, depended on the initial level of QoL. Additionally, participants who were still in TC after 3 months were younger and had higher scores for satisfaction with treatment and mental health during the first weeks of treatment than drop-outs, which could reflect their motivation and readiness to change. Conclusion Therapeutic communities have the potential to enhance the QoL for individuals with substance use disorders. Focusing on satisfaction with treatment and mental health during the first weeks of the program could potentially increase treatment retention and patient-reported outcomes (PROM).