Sodium Nitroprusside: The Forgotten Vasodilator? A Brief Guide for Informed and Safe Use from Heart Failure to Hypertensive Crisis and Aortic Dissection

Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) is a powerful vasodilator approved for treating acute hypertensive crises, acute heart failure, aortic dissection, and both controlled perioperative hypotension and perioperative hypertension. Its unique ability to cause both venous and arterial dilation makes it an invaluable option in critical care settings. Despite concerns regarding its manageability due to potential toxicity, it is a safe choice if properly used, as highlighted by its short half-life and minimal side effects. This review aims to summarize its pharmacological properties, toxicology, and various clinical applications, particularly focusing on acute heart failure and hypertensive emergencies.