The Pathogenesis and Countermeasure of Ebola Virus Disease

Ebola virus disease(EVD), previously known as Ebola hemorrhagic fever, is a serious and frequently fatal illness caused by Ebola virus (EBOV).Between 2014 and 2016, the West Africa region faced the most substantial Ebola epidemic to date, which devastated Guinea, Sierra Leone, and Liberia, resulting in infections exceeding 28,000 and fatalities surpassing 11,000. Subsequently, from 2017 to 2020, various provinces in the Democratic Republic of Congo's western and eastern regions encountered Ebola outbreaks, leading to over 2,300 fatalities. The most recent instance concluded in the Équateur Province on November 19, 2020. EBOV posed an immense challenge to international public health; however, it also yielded valuable insights into the pathogenesis, natural history, clinical manifestations, treatment, prevention, and control strategies of Ebola. Especially, The emergence of the epidemic generated an abundance of authentic and dependable research data and case studies, which facilitated extensive testing of certain clinical trial drugs, thereby establishing a robust foundation for future therapies of EVD. In the present review, we aim to delineate the pathogenesis of EBOV and compile a summary of the most recent countermeasures.