Review of Advances in Numerical Simulation of Concrete under Low-Temperature Conditions

In recent years, concrete has continued to be widely used as a core material in construction and infrastructure projects globally. With the continuous advancement of construction technology and materials science, there are increasing demands on the mechanical properties of concrete structures, including their performance under low-temperature conditions. However, traditional experimental methods are limited by time and cost constraints, making it difficult to fully reveal the behavior of concrete under low-temperature conditions. Moreover, early numerical simulations can provide critical insights to ensure the safety of concrete structures in such environments. As a result, research on the mechanical behavior of concrete under low-temperature conditions, based on digital simulation technologies, has become a forefront topic in this field. With the enhancement of computational capabilities and the refinement of numerical methods, significant progress has been made in digital simulation techniques for concrete mechanics. Advanced simulation methods, such as the finite element method, discrete element method, finite difference method, and boundary element method, have become central to improving the reliability of simulation results through more precise models and efficient computational approaches. Against this backdrop, the review "Review of Advances in Numerical Simulation of Concrete under Low-Temperature Conditions" has emerged, summarizing the latest advancements in digital simulation techniques for studying the mechanical behavior of concrete under low temperatures, analyzing current challenges, and exploring future directions. This review aims to provide researchers with a comprehensive reference framework, fostering further development in the field of concrete mechanics.