Implementing community impact evaluation (CIE) in special economic zones: Lessons from Campania (Italy) towards global practices

The establishment of Special Economic Zones (SEZs) in 2017 in Campania region in Southern Italy “Mezzogiorno” offers a valuable case study in promoting economic and territorial development. In 2024, the unified Special Economic Zone (SEZ) called 'ZES Unica' is introduced across Southern Italy, marking a strategic push for regional development. This article explores current SEZ strategies focused on economic sustainability and territorial resilience, using the Community Impact Evaluation (CIE) methodology. Our model, organized around macro-sector clusters, integrates economic and territorial indicators—a comprehensive approach often missing in SEZ analysis. This integrated approach is often missing from existing SEZ analyses. One of the central challenges in current policies is the lack of a comprehensive international perspective. Our study aims to bridge this gap by offering a cohesive framework that considers both economic and territorial factors. Additionally, we examine the role of stakeholders and strategic objectives in shaping SEZs, highlighting the importance of community involvement in decision-making and land use. Through this approach, we contribute to a more holistic and globally relevant model for SEZs across countries, especially in disadvantaged regions.