Emerging technologies in polyphenol analysis: from traditional methods to -omics approaches

Recent advancements in analytical technologies have revolutionized our ability to characterize, identify, and quantify polyphenolic compounds in complex biological matrices. This comprehensive review examines the transformative journey from traditional analytical methods to cutting-edge -omics approaches in polyphenol analysis. We critically evaluate the evolution from conventional spectrophotometric and chromatographic techniques to sophisticated high-throughput platforms integrating mass spectrometry, metabolomics, and artificial intelligence. Particular attention is given to emerging technologies such as miniaturized systems, real-time monitoring platforms, and advanced bioinformatics tools that are reshaping the landscape of polyphenol research. The review also addresses current challenges in method standardization, data integration, and validation while highlighting opportunities for future technological developments. By synthesizing recent progress in analytical methodologies, this review provides valuable insights for researchers in food science, nutrition, natural products chemistry, and related fields, emphasizing how these technological advances contribute to our understanding of polyphenol composition, bioactivity, and potential health benefits.