Evaluation of the phytochemical composition, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antihemolytic activities of Atriplex halimus L. from the region of Tiaret, Algeria

For centuries, traditional medical practices in many different cultures worldwide have been relied on aromatic and medicinal plants. The present research aims to evaluate the phytochemical compounds along with the associated antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-hemolytic activities of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Atriplex halimus L. The obtained results revealed that both aqueous and ethanolic extracts are rich in phenolic compounds holding numerous biological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-hemolytic effects. The phenolic compounds, flavonoids and condensed tannins concentrations were significantly higher in the ethanolic extract of A. halimus was compared to the aqueous extract. In addition, the ethanolic extract demonstrated stronger antioxidant activity. Besides, at 300 µg/mL, the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of A. halimus exhibited 81.4% and 80.2%, respectively, inhibition rates of protein denaturation. However, the haemolysis inhibition rates were 67% and 57.7% for the aqueous and ethanolic extracts respectively. Taking all together, A. halimus may be considered as a potential natural source of anti-inflammatory, anti-hemolytic, and antioxidant agents. This study validates the traditional uses and uncover its potential as a source of natural therapeutic agents for the development of novel, plant-based pharmaceuticals.