Study of the Relationship between the Condition of Periodontal Tissues and Bone Mineral Density in People with Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes

Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between the condition of periodontal tissues and reduced bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2D). Materials and methods: A group of 108 patients with newly diagnosed T2D, up to 3 months after diagnosis, were included in the study. Smoking patients were excluded from the study. The patients underwent a periodontal examination, a blood test, and densitometry on the same day. The results were then subjected to statistical analysis by the PQStat v. 1.6.8. program using the Spearman test, as well as multivariate analysis by logistic regression. The threshold of significance was p < 0.05. Results: A group of 103 patients with newly diagnosed T2D were qualified for the study, including 38 women (36.9%) and 65 men (63.1%). The mean age of the patients was 56.5 years (SD = 13.0 years). In the group of women, the relationship between bone density and clinical attachment loss (CAL) was statistically significant also after taking age into account. The correlation between CAL and femoral neck density was so strong that, when taking it into account, age did not show a statistically significant relationship. The density of the femoral neck showed a strong relationship with the number of missing teeth, completely dominating the importance of age. Conclusions: It was shown that the degree of periodontal disease in the group of women with newly diagnosed T2D was affected by reduced BMD, regardless of age.