CHANGES IN NEUROHUMORAL STATUS OF PATIENTS WITH COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA IN ASSOCIATION WITH CORONAVIRUS INFECTION COVID-19

The aim of this study was to analyze and summarize the available data on changes in neurohumoral status in patients with community-acquired pneumonia associated with COVID-19, as well as to identify the main mechanisms explaining these changes. Materials and methods. For a systematic review of the literature, scientific articles published in leading scientific databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar and Web of Science, which provide access to peer-reviewed articles and other scientific publications, were selected. Results. Among patients with community-acquired pneumonia caused by COVID-19, the most common forms of involvement were bilateral multisegmental and right-sided lower lobe pneumonia. The localization of pneumonia varies significantly by gender and age group, with right-sided lower lobe pneumonia more common in men aged 20-30 and 51-60 years, and right-sided upper lobe pneumonia in women aged 20-30 years and left-sided lower lobe pneumonia in women aged 31-50 years. The most common forms in mild disease are left-sided and right-sided lower lobe pneumonia, while in severe disease, bilateral multisegmental pneumonia is the most common. Changes in the levels of immunoinflammatory markers (CRP, IL-6), the stress hormone cortisol, and the thrombosis marker D-dimer were important prognostic markers of disease severity. In patients with severe pneumonia, a significant increase in these parameters was observed, which is associated with a high risk of developing thromboembolic complications and required intensive care. Elevated levels of CRP, IL-6, D-dimer and cortisol in patients with severe COVID-19 are prognostic markers for assessing the severity of the disease and the development of complications such as thromboembolism. Conclusion. Thus, early detection of changes in the levels of inflammatory and stress markers allows predicting the severity of the disease, assessing the risk of complications, and timely applying treatment strategies to reduce mortality and improve treatment outcomes.