Design of novel ITO/BiVO4 photosensor for the highly selective monitoring of ofloxacin antibiotic drug in Blood samples of athletes

The abnormal use of antibiotics can absolutely have negative effects on human health. The accumulation of antibiotics in the human body, often through the food chain, will lead to increase the drug resistance and compromise immunity. It will be a main risk as it decreases the efficiency of antibiotics in treatment of the bacterial diseases. Also, it can cause more serious health issues. It is important to apply antibiotics carefully and as healthcare professionals recommend to reduce these risks and maintain the efficiency of these vital chemical compounds. Therefore, it is crucial to research developing sensitive and efficient sensors for detecting ofloxacin (OFL) antibiotic residues in many substances. The proposed photoelectrode displays a higher photocatalytic activity toward the PEC oxidation of OFL. Under the optimal experience conditions, the BiVO 4 -based PEC sensor displayed a broad concentration range from 20 to 18000 nM with detection limit (LOD) of 7.22 nM. In addition, the proposed sensor exhibited high reproducibility, selectivity and stability in OFL determination. As a result, the proposed sensor with a recovery percentage of 99.15–103.8 can be successfully used in real biological and environmental samples. • A simple ITO/BiVO 4 photosensor developed for detection of the OFL in biological samples. • BiVO 4 -based PEC sensor for OFL achieved a broad detection range and a low detection limit. • Proposed sensor showed a high Performance, reliability and stability in detecting ofloxacin. • The PEC sensor successfully applied for monitoring of OFL in the real residues of biological samples.