A Co-simulation approach for time-varying damage propagation in interdependent power and wastewater systems during flood events

During flood events, there is a bidirectional influence between interdependent wastewater and power systems (IWPS) and flood dynamics. This influence evolves over time and significantly impacts the performance and resilience of the IWPS. However, current approaches often treat the simulation of IWPS behavior and flood progression independently. This limitation hampers their ability to accurately assess the temporal performance of IWPS under the dynamic effects of flooding . To address this challenge, we propose a novel co-simulation approach based on high-level architecture (HLA) that allows the domain-specific power and wastewater system simulators to form a federated simulation architecture with the flood model. A case study demonstrates the efficacy of the proposed approach. The findings show that the damage propagation worsens overall flooding, but locally, a few wastewater components may experience less ponding water due to outflow redistribution. The findings also indicate that neglecting the temporal variance of damage propagation can lead to overestimated flood impact on the IWPS. In addition, the approach captures the heterogeneous behavior among IWPS components and the dynamic progression of floods, offering a more granular understanding of the damage propagation mechanism. The influence of uncertainty in waterproof thresholds and precipitation depth is also investigated. The findings of this study offer valuable insights for stakeholders managing interdependent infrastructures during floods. • Power and wastewater system simulators form a federation with the flood model. • A novel approach simulates time-varying damage propagation in flooding events. • Damage propagation worsens overall flooding, but locally, the opposite can happen. • Static damage propagation assumption leads to overestimation of flooding impact. • This study helps identify critical infrastructure components during flooding.