History of state and civilisational development of Russia by Russian thinkers of the XIX century: theoretical and historical analysis

Introduction. The phase of worldwide civilisational conflict that is currently taking place in the international arena urges the importance of appealing to the domestic experience in understanding the history of the state and civilisational development of our country, its scientific and theoretical reflection in the works of great philosophers.One cannot understand the state and civilisational peculiarities of Russia unless they examine the experience of the past, retrospective analysis of the tendencies of their formation and evolution. A serious heuristic problem associated with the research is the long-term period of its neglect in Soviet science and its repression to the margins of attention in the post-Soviet period caused by dominance of pro-western and neoliberal studies. The aim of the research is to conduct a theoretical and historical analysis of the most important conceptual approaches made by Russian thinkers of the XIX century V. S. Soloviev, E. N. Trubetskoy, N. A. Berdyaev, N. I. Kareev and A. S. Khomyakov related to the study of the statehood history development. Methods. The main methodological principles of the research were the principles of comprehensiveness and integrity of the study of the history of the state and civilisational development of Russia, the unity of historical and logical, the principle of ascending from the abstract to the concrete. The methodological basis of the research included the systematic method, ensuring the integrity of the perception of the object studied; comparative-historical method, allowing to consider the subject in its evolution; axiological method, contributing to the identification of the most significant conceptual approaches to understand the issues studied. General scientific and special methods of legal research were used. Results. The paper revealed the methodological meaning of moral potential of the conceptual understanding of the Russian civilisation. The author examined the evolution of the semantic content of the concept ‘humanism’ in its traditional, neo-liberal and modern patriotic interpretation, and studied the problem of the conflict of civilisations: its essence and determinants.