A case of central placenta previa and its successful fetal and maternal outcome

Introduction: Placenta previa describes a placenta that is implanted in the lower uterine segment, either over or very near the internal cervical os. When the placenta completely covers the internal os even after it is fully dialated, it is called central or complete placenta previa. The incidence of placenta previa is 0.3 percent or 1 in 300 deliveries, 20% of which are central Placenta previa.Objective: A case of central placenta previa and its successful fetal and maternal outcome.Case report: A case of 33 year old, G2A1 with 33 weeks of gestation attended OPD with ultrasonographic report showing marginal placenta previa. Patient had regular antenatal check up with expectant line of management. At term, growth scan showed complete placenta previa-grade 3 with AFI of 13-14cm and EFW of 3020gms with Hb-11.5g%.Management: Steroid coverage was done at 33weeks of gestation and expectant management done till 38weeks with regular follow up and counseling. An emergency lower segment caesarean section was done at 38weeks gestation. Intra operatively bleeding present at placental bed. 1 pint PRBC was transfused post operatively. Both mother and baby were healthy.Conclusion: The detection of placenta previa should encourage a careful evaluation with regular antenatal check ups and timely delivery to reduce the associated maternal and perinatal morbidity. In early weeks, expectant management will improve the outcome. Placental site bleeding during a caesarean section for placenta previa can be troublesome causing postpartum haemorrhage.