Assessment of the adaptability of winter soft wheat samples from the Omsk Agricultural Research Center

In modern conditions, the role of adaptive varieties that effectively use the bioclimatic resources of the environments is important. The purpose of the research was to compare the yield and the adaptability indicators of samples (varieties and lines) of winter soft wheat developed at the Omsk Agricultural Research Center (ARC). The calculation of adaptability indicators was carried out based on the yield values of the numbers from the competitive variety testing (CVT) studied in 2017–2023. The highest yield in the experiments was line 45/19 (5.21 t/ha). The plasticity index in winter wheat varieties was higher than one (bi = 1.07–1.33), and in lines it was lower than one (bi = 0.77–0.93). The varieties from this set of CVT are more suitable for an intensive cultivation back-ground, and the lines are more extensive. The lines, in general, turned out to be more stable than the varieties (ϭ2d = 0.09–0.14 versus ϭ2d = 0.15–0.49). When calculating the coefficients of variation, it was found that the variability of yield in varieties was significant (V = 21.4–33.8 %), and in lines – average (V = 14.9–18.6 %). The 45/19 line was the best in terms of genetic flexibility (xmin + xmax /2 = 5.42) and breeding value (Sc = 3.45). The 48/19 line was distinguished by the stability factor (SF = 1.51) and homeostaticity (Hom = 15.38). In accordance with the values of the adaptability indicators, lines 48/19 and 45/19 received the highest rank (2) among all samples of the CVT. The lines had better average rank values than the varieties (2–3 vs. 4–7), which can be explained by the result of purposeful selection of new and more promising material (lines) in comparison with previously created varieties in the laboratory.