Pesticide effects on soil microflora (review)

Soil is not only the most important component of the ecosystem, providing specific habitat conditions for bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, algae and other microorganisms that make up the soil microflora, but also a means of crop production. It is well known that modern agricultural production would be impossible without the use of chemical pesticides, which form the basis of modern plant protection. At present, excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides not only pollutes the soil, but also affects its quality and reduces the biodiversity of the soil profile. The study of the interaction between pesticides and soil microflora is necessary due to the important role of microorgan-isms in the development of fertility and detoxification of soil from xenobiotics. An important problem is the replacement of toxic pesticides with new types of preparations that are less polluting to the soil and are able to degrade under the influence of microorganisms.