Power system frequency control: instantaneous discrete testing for numerical relay using wavelet transform

With today’s advanced technology and rapidly growing energy demands, the reliability of electrical power systems has reached an important level. With extensive monitoring and protection, system issues like voltage drops, power irregularities, and frequency variations can have destructive consequences on the power network. Therefore, as frequency relays play a critical role in protecting power generators and load equipment from power frequency shifts, relays have evolved from electromechanical to solid-state devices with ongoing optimization to handle integrated modern networks. Traditional numerical relays use Fourier transform to identify frequency changes, which necessitates numerous data samples and has limitations with transient waveform data. To address these challenges, this work proposes a new relay algorithm based on instantaneous discrete testing and wavelet transform for frequency analysis, aimed at enhancing relay performance. This new approach demonstrates promising advantages, including significant reductions in data sample requirements, compilation complexity, decision-making time, and improved handling of transient waveforms.