Biodegradable polymeric micro/nanoparticles for oral single-dose vaccines prospects, and future

Within the great advances in the biomedical sciences and the emerging of a new infectious diseases, there has been a constant need for a parallel improvement in the vaccination strategies and approaches toward the ease of administration or what is called a single-dose vaccine platform, and the key factors in this regard are the antigen carriers, and the biodegradable polymeric micro/nanoparticles may be the most powerful candidates. This review will focus on the potentials and limitations of these biodegradable micro/nanoparticles as a tool for a single-dose oral vaccine, taking into consideration the physiological barriers in addition to the micro/particles characteristics in such a way to shed light on the future of these vaccine delivery systems.