Reverse Dipping of Blood Pressure in Patients of Hypertension with and without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

ABSTRACTObjectives: To determine the frequency of reverse dipping among hypertensive patients with and without type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM).Methodology: This descriptive, Cross-sectional study was conducted at Medical Unit of Pakistan Ordinance Factories Hospital Wah Cantt from April 2020 to April 2021 after institutional ethical review board approval. Ninety patients with hypertension of both sexes, aged 18-85 years were enrolled using non-probability consecutive sampling technique. Blood sample for fasting and random glucose levels were gathered. Ambulatory Blood Pressure was monitored for 24 hours by installing the monitor (Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitor ABPM50 Contec China, Product Code: ABPM50) on non-dominant arm, measuring at 30 minutes intervals during the day (from 7:00 AM to 11:00 PM) and at 60-minute intervals during the night (from 11:00 PM to 7:00 AM). All the data was recorded and analyzed.Results: Mean age was 51.18±10.1 years with 54 (60.0%) were male and 36 (40.0%) females. Mean fasting blood glucose and mean random blood glucose levels were 87.32±13.2 mg/dl and 152.76±21.8 mg/dl respectively. T2DM was seen in 38 (42.2%) patients. Blood pressure reverse dipping was found in 34 (37.7%) hypertensive patients. Frequency of Blood Pressure Reverse Dipping among Hypertensive patients with and without T2DM was found to be 63.1% and 19.2% respectively (p-value <0.001).Conclusion: Reverse Dipping was seen in more than one-third of the patients with hypertension having a statistically significant association with T2DM.