Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Gempur Batu Leaf Extract (Ruellia napifera) as Antibacterial, Antibiofilm, and Antioxidant

Silver Nanoparticles basically focus on the synthesis of nano-sized particles produced through chemical, physical, and biological processes, which contribute significantly to the control of plant and animal diseases and have shown considerable promise in improving the quality of human living conditions and health. The method of making silver nanoparticles, namely Green synthesis, involves the use of plants for the synthesis process of various types of nanoparticles. Green synthesis has the advantages of a simple method, environmentally friendly, non-polluting, antitoxic, and cost-effective. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of AgNPs. In the spectrophotometer absorption spectrum appears at a wavelength of 450 nm. FTIR measurements were used to determine the presence of bioactive molecules that may be responsible for the stabilization that acts as a capping agent. The absorption spikes at 3256, 1552, 1048, and 934 cm−1 were determined for gempur batu leaf extract, while silver nanoparticles showed absorption spikes at 3369, 1576, 1080, and 822 cm−1. The results of XRD analysis of AgNPs showed that they had been successfully synthesized, which can be seen from the formation of narrow peaks indicating the crystalline nature of the formed nanoparticles. The results of TEM analysis of AgNPs in this study are a mixture of spherical, hexagonal, and triangular shapes of silver nanoparticles. The antibacterial activity test of silver nanoparticles with gempur batu leaf extract with variations in AgNO3 solution concentration has been successful, which is indicated by the formation of inhibition zones for Eschericia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The results of antioxidant activity in AgNPss show an increasing percentage of inhibition along with increasing concentration of AgNPss increasing from 1 to 15 ppm and ascorbic acid increasing from 1 to 5 ppm. Antibiofilm activity in AgNPs has a good ability to inhibit the formation of biofilm layers in Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria by having a biofilm inhibition percentage of more than 50%.