The Kerbernez long-term experiment: A dataset on crop yield and soil organic matter evolution in forage crop rotations and permanent grasslands in a temperate oceanic climate

Forage crop rotations including grasslands, common in dairy systems, are known to ensure good productivity and limit the decrease of soil organic matter frequently observed in permanent arable land. A dataset was built to compile data from the Kerbernez long-term experiment, conducted in Brittany(France) from 1978 to 2005. This experiment compared the effect of different forage crop rotations fertilized with ammonium nitrate and/or slurry, with or without grassland, on forage production (quantity, quality) and changes in soil physio-chemical characteristics. These forage crop rotations were based on silage maize and cut monospecific grasslands of Italian ryegrass (<i>Lolium multiflorum</i> L.) or perennial ryegrass (<i>Lolium perenne</i> L.). More precisely, the experiment compared silage maize monocultures, rotations with silage maize and Italian ryegrass established for 6 to 18 months, and rotations with silage maize and perennial ryegrass established for three to more than 10 years. They are representative of the forage crop rotations and permanent grasslands that were at the heart of Brittany's forage revolution in the 1970s. The dataset includes information about the climate and soil conditions, the management of crops and grasslands, the evolution of topsoil organic carbon and nitrogen stocks, the inter-annual variations in crop and grassland dry matter yields and nitrogen contents. The dataset also includes characterisation of soil structural stability, particle-size soil organic matter fractions and potential soil carbon and nitrogen mineralisation at the end of the trial. It consists of fourteen csv files. This dataset can be used for a variety of purposes, namely for assessing the ability of mechanistic models to simulate soil organic matter dynamics and associated fluxes, and to estimate the influence of grassland presence and duration in forage crop rotations on such fluxes.