The potential of microbial fuel cell for converting waste to energy: An overview

Climate change has been dramatically exacerbated by the increasing emissions of greenhouse gases brought on by industrial growth and the usage of non-renewable energy sources, making the transition to sustainable energy solutions imperative. Concurrently, the depletion of natural gas and petroleum supplies and their negative environmental effects worsen the global energy problem. Microbial fuel cell converts organic waste into renewable energy, a promising technology that combines waste management and sustainable energy generation. This review aims to present a thorough analysis of microbial fuel cell technology, highlighting new developments and their capacity to turn waste into wealth. The paper examines the fundamental ideas, essential elements, different microbial fuel cell setups, extracellular electron transport methods, and microbial interactions. Additionally, it assesses variables influencing microbial fuel cell performance and emphasises its uses in bioenergy production and wastewater treatment. With an emphasis on creative approaches and comparative performance analysis, this study highlights the importance of microbial fuel cells in tackling environmental and energy concerns by compiling recent research. The knowledge and development of microbial fuel cell technology are advanced by the insights offered, opening the door to a more ecologically conscious and sustainable future.