Comparison of sleep quality and psychological adaptation - social patients with kidney stones, dialysis and people without kidney diseases

Background and Objective: Today, kidney diseases have become a public health problem worldwide. Chronic kidney disease is a progressive disease and one of the leading causes of death in the world. Additionally, sleep disorders can lead to health issues and impair psychological and social functions in individuals. Sleep problems play a fundamental role in the development and exacerbation of many chronic diseases. The purpose of this research was to compare the quality of sleep and psychosocial adaptation of patients with kidney stones, hemodialysis, and healthy people (without kidney diseases). Materials and Methods: The present research method is descriptivecomparative. The statistical population included all adult men and women suffering from kidney stones and undergoing hemodialysis treatment and healthy people (without kidney diseases) living in Tehran. The sample comprised 120 patients, with 60 individuals from each of the following groups: those with kidney stones and those on hemodialysis, who visited Iranshahr Hospital in Tehran during the summer and fall of 2023. Additionally, a healthy group of 60 individuals, who claimed to be free from kidney diseases and had come to the hospital either for outpatient care or to accompany a patient, was included. Finally, 180 people were selected using the available sampling method. Data were collected using sleep quality questionnaires and psychosocial compatibility with the disease. Data analysis was done in SPSS26 software. Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference between the quality of sleep in the 3 studied groups. Therefore, the score of sleep quality in healthy people differed by about 3 points (t=3.216, P=0.001) from that in patients with kidney stones and about 6 points (t=5.583, P=0.001) from that in hemodialysis patients. Furthermore, significant differences were also found in psychological-social adjustment across the groups, with the psychosocial adjustment score of healthy people being about 13 points (t=13.116, P=0.001) different from that of patients with kidney stones and about 23 points (t= 22.883, P=0.001) different from that of hemodialysis patients. Conclusion: Healthy people (without kidney diseases) demonstrated higher sleep quality and psychosocial adaptation than patients with kidney stones and hemodialysis. Therefore, routine psychological evaluation can be effective and useful for these patients, and treatment and educational programs can be considered for these patients if needed.