An Overview Diagnosis and Treatment Methods in Cases of Transmissible Venereal Tumor in Female Dogs

The aim of this review is to examine an overview diagnostic and treatment methods applied in cases of transmissible venereal tumors (TVT) in female dogs. TVT is a highly transmissible neoplasm affecting dogs of all ages, breeds, and genders, primarily involving the genital areas and organs such as the eyes, nose, and mouth. Various clinical manifestations are observed depending on its localization. In cases involving the genital system, cauliflower-like neoplastic masses, bloody vulvar discharge, and consequent anemia may occur. All these clinical findings, along with histopathological or cytological examinations of tissue samples obtained through methods such as excisional biopsy or fine needle aspiration biopsy, can lead to a definitive diagnosis. Once a definitive diagnosis is made, various treatment options are available, including surgical excision of tumor tissue, chemotherapy using agents such as vincristine, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and lomustine, radiotherapy with specific dose ranges, and immunotherapy using agents like Bacillus Calmette-Guérin and staphylococcal protein A. In conclusion, with the correct diagnosis, every patient can be individually evaluated and provided with the most appropriate treatment option to ensure recovery.