Combined PV-EV-HP Hosting Capacity Analysis of a Belgian Low-Voltage Distribution Network

This paper presents an analysis of the combined hosting capacity (HC) of photovoltaic panels (PVs), electric vehicles (EVs), and heat pumps (HPs). The HC problem is defined using a generic formalism previously introduced in the literature. It is applied to a reconstruction of a low-voltage Belgian electrical distribution network, which was reconstructed using the topological path identification (TPI) methodology. Exogenous data needed for the HC analysis is provided by an observation tool developed by the Belgian distribution system operator (DSO), RESA. To ensure a realistic representation of the impact of the combined technologies, time-series with a granularity of 15 minutes are used. Results show that under-voltage is encountered rapidly for both EV and HP penetrations higher than 50%. Over-voltage is not faced before 75% of PV penetration. By contrast, even with high penetration rates for all three technologies, the lines of the case study network are not overloaded.