Design and Implementation of IoT-Based Manhole Monitoring System

This paper introduces an Internet of Things (IoT) based manhole monitoring system to improve traditional methods. The system employs various sensors, including temperature, humidity, ultrasonic, and gas sensors, integrated with a microcontroller (NodeMCU) to collect real-time data on water levels, temperature, humidity, methane, and ammonia. This data is transmitted to a cloud server, allowing for monitoring via a mobile app and web dashboard. Besides the constructed network of devices enhances the accuracy of blockage detection. The system ensures ethical engineering, legal compliance, and financial sustainability, aligning with Sustainable Development Goals. Real-time monitoring facilitates prompt responses to potential threats, enhancing maintenance efficiency and safety. Experimental results validate the system's effectiveness. At the same time, cost analysis reveals significant long-term savings compared to manual monitoring, making it a viable and advanced solution for urban infrastructure management.