Designing a UWB Antenna at Receiving End for Wireless Capsule Endoscopy

Wireless endoscopic capsule systems incorporate the combination of hardware and software components to safeguard individual health. Among the various antenna technologies in the field, the Ultra-Wideband (UWB) frequency range is highly regarded for its ability to transmit medical images captured by capsules inside the digestive tract with high resolution and minimal signal loss. While passive capsules have been developed, the design of on-body antennas has lagged. This suggested study offers a comprehensive examination of a newly developed on-body antenna functioning within the 3.75-4.25 GHz frequency range. The evaluated antenna exhibits advantageous directivity, achieving 3.1016 dBi without a cavity and 7.9361 dBi with a cavity when directed towards the body. The intended placement of this on-body antenna is on the surface of the body. Simulations are performed with an abdominal multi-layer model, incorporating the navel region of a voxel model, to evaluate its effectiveness in various bodily contexts. The antenna's performance will also be evaluated in proximity to a human abdomen. The simulation findings demonstrate that the suggested antenna, whether featuring a cavity or not, enhances in-body communication when positioned on the belly, minimizing signal loss and exhibiting a markedly low SAR value. On-body measurements additionally validate the antenna's robust functionality. This tiny planar antenna is seen as a good candidate for integration with wireless capsule endoscopic devices on the body.