Cybersecurity of Grid-Connected PV Systems: Analysis and Impacts on the Australian Grid

The integration of grid-connected Photovoltaic (PV) Systems is significantly transforming the energy sector by promoting sustainable energy solutions. These systems play a crucial role in reducing dependence on fossil fuels and lowering greenhouse gas emissions, making it vital to address any vulnerabilities in them. However, PV systems are increasingly susceptible to cybersecurity threats, particularly False Data Injection Attacks (FDIA), which can compromise their stability and security. This work investigates the impacts of FDIA on grid-connected PV systems within the Australian grid using the Australian 14 Generators System model, which represents the National Electricity Market (NEM). By developing and simulating various attack scenarios in MATLAB, the study assesses the effects on system stability and performance. The results indicate substantial fluctuations in voltage, current, and power, with pronounced instability observed in regions like Queensland and South Australia. Notably, South Australia experienced system failures under severe attack conditions, while Victoria exhibited relative resilience. These findings underscore the urgent need for comprehensive cybersecurity measures to protect PV grid systems and ensure their stable and reliable integration into the energy infrastructure.