Frequency Control using Dynamic Demand Response and Grid-Scale Battery Energy Storage Systems: An Australian Case Study

This study analyses power system frequency response with dynamic demand response (DR) schemes and battery energy storage systems (BESSs) with a high share of renewable power penetration. The frequency control ancillary services (FCAS) controllers developed and deployed in the model are based on a droop controller for regulation and a step controller for contingency. These controllers are modelled in dynamic DR enabled loads and grid-scale BESSs to provide FCAS. A dynamic simulation study is conducted using a simplified model of the Australian eastern seaboard grid developed in DIgSILENT PowerFactory. This work demonstrates that both the DR and the large-scale BESS effectively reduce frequency excursions and decrease the rate of change of frequency (RoCoF) during sudden load and supply disturbances in grids with high renewable power penetration. Key findings highlight the importance of strategic grid planning in considering distributed resources and hosting appropriate FCAS reserves for regulation and contingency frequency support.