Integrated Location-Arc Routing Optimization for Waste Logistics with Battery Swapping Stations

This paper discusses the incorporation of Battery Swapping Stations (BSS) into the waste logistics system with the goal of reducing overall system costs. A new location-arc routing problem (LARP) model is designed to optimize the locations of BSS and waste collection centers, as well as the routes of Electric Garbage Trucks (EGT). To address the computational difficulties of this NP-hard problem, a modified Simulated Annealing (SA) algorithm is created. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified through numerical simulations using benchmark scenarios, showing notable improvements in cost efficiency and operational viability. The results highlight the potential of the combined BSS and EGT system in cutting emissions and lowering operational costs in municipal waste management logistics.