Improved Performance of Battery Energy Storage in a Wind Energy Conversion System using an Optimal PID Controller

This article explores the dynamics and transient performance of a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) connected to the output of a wind energy conversion system. The BESS is integrated into a DC-link, which is powered by a back-to-back converter utilizing droop controllers on both ends. These droop controllers manage the distribution of reactive and active power, maintaining system frequency and voltage stability. Variations in wind turbine speed can lead to fluctuations in the DC-link voltage, affecting the voltage stability on the battery side. To address this, an optimal Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller, an advanced version of the classical PID controller, is designed. The PID controller gains are optimized using the Antlion Optimization (ALO) algorithm, a modern metaheuristic algorithm known for its effectiveness in constrained problems and diverse search spaces. This optimization enhances the controller’s robustness against disturbances, particularly supply voltage variations. To validate the system’s performance, Hardware-in-Loop (HIL) Typhon technology is employed, allowing real-time testing of the BESS and power converters under various conditions. This ensures the reliability and effectiveness of the system before actual implementation.