Sizes and Their Tradeoff Between Power Generator/Load and Energy Storage for a Robust Power System against Fluctuations

Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) like photovoltaic (PV) and wind are environmentally friendly options for generating electricity. However, the significant variability in the energy output of RESs presents a major challenge for integrating these sources into the power grid. Additionally, fluctuations in consumer activity increase the risk of power imbalances. Controllable power devices, including storage systems, enable a power system to be stable and robust against these fluctuations. This paper studies the sizing of controllable generators, controllable loads, and energy storage systems (ESSs). The energy balancing concept discussed in this paper involves understanding the behavioral power patterns of fluctuating generators and loads, as well as their upper and lower-bound envelopes, which allow for the analysis of the long-term behavior of a power system by examining a single cycle of power pattern of operation. During energy balancing, the power system behavior, including collaboration between the controllable generator, load, and ESS, is analyzed, and minimum sizes are obtained. Then, a tradeoff between controllable generators, loads, and storage sizes is studied, and simulation results are presented using real PV generation data and power consumption data. The finding given in this paper provides us with a novel interpretation of the minimum size of ESSs, which can be fundamental to generator-load-storage sizing in various practical situations.