Synergistic Reinforcement and Imitation Learning for Vision-driven Autonomous Flight of UAV Along River

Vision-driven autonomous flight and obstacle avoidance of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) along complex riverine environments for tasks like rescue and surveillance requires a robust navigation policy, which is yet difficult to obtain due to the shortage of trainable riverine environment simulators. To easily verify the vision-based navigation controller performance for the river following task before real-world deployment, we developed a trainable photo-realistic dynamics-free riverine simulation environment using Unity. In this paper, we address the shortcomings that vanilla Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithm encounters in learning a navigation policy within this partially observable, non-Markovian environment. We propose a synergistic approach that integrates RL and Imitation Learning (IL). Initially, an IL expert is trained on manually collected demonstrations, which then guides the RL policy training process. Concurrently, experiences generated by the RL agent are utilized to re-train the IL expert, enhancing its ability to generalize to unseen data. By leveraging the strengths of both RL and IL, this framework achieves a faster convergence rate and higher performance compared to pure RL, pure IL, and RL combined with static IL algorithms. The results validate the efficacy of the proposed method in terms of both task completion and efficiency. The code and trainable environments are available<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup>.