The Role of Urban Design in Facilitating a Circular Economy: From Linear to Regenerative Cities

The increasing urbanization of cities worldwide has driven a parallel rise in resource consumption, waste generation, and environmental degradation. The transition to a circular economy (C.E.) offers a sustainable alternative, shifting from traditional linear resource use and disposal systems to regenerative systems prioritizing material reuse, resource efficiency, and ecological restoration. Urban design and planning are essential in facilitating this shift by creating the physical and regulatory infrastructure necessary to implement C.E. principles in cities. This paper explores the role of urban design in promoting circular economy strategies, focusing on adaptive reuse of buildings, green architecture, and integrating nature-based solutions (NBS) into urban environments. Through detailed analysis of these strategies and case studies from cities worldwide, this paper demonstrates that regenerative design is essential for closing material and resource loops and creating more sustainable, resilient cities.