Five New Indole Alkaloid Derivatives from Deep-Sea Fungus Aspergillus fumigatus AF1

One new gliotoxin derivative fumianthrogliotoxin (<b>1</b>), one new indoquizoline alkaloid <i>N</i>3-(methyl propionate) indoquizoline (<b>2</b>), and three novel indole alkaloids, anthroxyindole (<b>3</b>), (±)-asperfumiindole A (<b>4</b>), and (±)-asperfumiindole B (<b>5</b>), together with 16 known compounds (<b>6</b>-<b>21</b>), were isolated from the culture of deep-sea derived fungus <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> AF1. Their chemical structures and absolute configurations were determined through the analysis of NMR data in combination with electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations and other spectroscopic analyses. Compounds <b>2</b>-<b>11</b> and <b>13</b>-<b>21</b> were evaluated for anti-pulmonary fibrosis activity. Compounds <b>8</b> and <b>13</b> displayed significant downregulation of the mRNA expression levels of all three molecular markers (COL1A1, α-SMA and FN1), with compound <b>13</b> exhibiting the best performance among all the tested compounds.