Safety hazards and solutions of lithium-ion batteries

The invention and application of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have significant impacted on modern life. LIBs operate on the same principle as all secondary electrochemical cells, primarily relying on the movement of lithium ions between the positive and negative electrodes. Reversible energy release and storage are achieved through controlled redox reactions. LIBs are widely used in contemporary society due to their high energy density, long service life, and low self-discharge rate. However, LIBs also present certain safety risks. For instance, during charging and discharging, as well as when the battery’s exterior experiences a collision, temperatures can reach dangerous levels, leading to thermal runaway, fire or explosion. Enhancing the safety of LIBs has become increasingly important. This research examines the various origins of safety issues associated with LIBs, discusses the existing methods to address these problems, and outlines relevant international regulations are discussed with examples. By understanding these measures and safety testing methods, potential accidents can be reduced, thereby protecting the lives and property of consumers. It is anticipated that these efforts will stimulate improvements in LIBs safety, foster the development of more efficient LIBs, enhance consumer confidence in LIBs technology, and promote the healthy growth of related industries.