A Robust Approach for Energy‐Aware Node Localization in Wireless Sensor Network Using Fitness‐Based Hybrid Heuristic Algorithms

ABSTRACT In wireless sensor network (WSN) applications, the Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value from the original signal is determined for computing the distance between the unidentified and beacon nodes in the WSN. However, several factors including noise, diffraction, scattering, and some obstructions affect the precision of the localization techniques. This paper aims to implement a smart node localization scheme in WSNs by estimating the shortest distance between beacon nodes and unknown nodes using the RSSI factor. Initially, the beacon node is positioned at a known position, and the exact location of the unknown node is computed by the hybrid optimization concept. The objective of the proposed node localization method is to reduce the average localization error, and it is derived for assigning the unknown nodes to each beacon nodes. Optimization plays a vital role in providing clear communication among sensor nodes without any hindrance. The hybridized algorithm named as Fitness‐aware Hybrid One‐to‐One with Archery Optimizer (FHOOAO) is used for the positioning of the unknown nodes to each beacon node. After assigning unknown nodes, their best positions are identified by considering the maximum number of hops. Finally, the experimentation is done in three different forms of node positioning in WSN such as S‐shape, H‐shape, and. C‐shape. The simulation experiments demonstrate superior outcomes of the proposed model compared to alternative methods, and it also enhances communication efficiency among sensor nodes.