THE LEVEL OF IMMUNOGLOBULINS IN THE ORAL FLUID OF PATIENTS WITH SECRETORY IMMUNOGLOBULIN A DEFICIENCY AND GENERALIZED PERIODONTITIS

One of the major challenges in dentistry is generalized periodontitis (GP). Periodontitis is characterized by the destruction of connective tissue, loss of periodontal attachment, and resorption of alveolar bone. Tissue destruction in periodontal diseases occurs as a result of the action of pathogenic microflora and the interaction of the immune and inflammatory response. The immune system is activated to protect against local microbial attack and the products of their destruction as a result of the spread or penetration into the gingival tissues. Materials and methods. We examined 85 patients who visited the dental clinic with generalized periodontitis and, based on clinical manifestations of secondary immunodeficiency, conducted a study of the state of their humoral immunity of the oral cavity. During the study, two research groups were established: the control group (group I), which consisted of 10 individuals with clinically healthy periodontal tissues, and the main group (group II). The main group was further divided into two subgroups: subgroup 1 included patients with stage II-III GP and normal levels of sIgA (10 individuals), while subgroup 2 comprised patients with stage IIIII GP and sIgA deficiency in oral fluid (15 individuals). The levels of sIgA, IgG, and IgM in oral fluid were measured using an immunoenzymatic method. Results. The level of sIgA in the oral fluid of patients in the second subgroup was reduced 58.0 87.83 μg/ml, the concentration of this immunoglobulin in the first subgroup was 173.43-258.82 μg/ml, in the control group this indicator was 192.6-278.18 μg/ml. Detecting a deficiency of secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) in the oral fluid of patients with GP enables the appropriate adjustment of treatment regimens. All patients with AP received comprehensive treatment. The treatment of the second subgroup was supplemented with a complex periodontal dressing, which included an immunomodulatory drug, a solution of sodium deoxyribonucleate 0.25%, ascorbic acid, rutin, calendula ointment, etc. It was prescribed in the form of periodontal dressings on the gums for 2-3 hours 5 days. In patients with GP, there is a significant decrease in sIgA levels, along with an increase in IgG and IgM levels, compared to individuals in the control group and subgroup 1. Implementing the proposed treatment regimen to correct humoral protection deficiencies results in a significant increase in sIgA levels in the oral fluid, along with the normalization of IgG and IgM levels. Conclusions. The implementation of targeted immunocorrection enhances the clinical effectiveness of chronic GP treatment, as evidenced by long-term results demonstrating stable remission in patients.