The Strategic Power of Running: How Peyks Shaped Communication Networks through Running in the Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman Empire covered a vast surface area. From this perspective, a reliable and fast communication network was considered one of the most important elements for the smooth functioning of the military and administrative structure. Messenger runner peyks were one of the most important building blocks of this element. Despite the long distances and harsh natural conditions, peyks were tasked with delivering strategically important messages to strengthen state authority. Thanks to their running skills, administrative and military decision-making mechanisms were carried out quickly, contributing greatly to the operational efficiency of the state. Notable for their high level of endurance and speed, peyks were also noteworthy for their performance, as well as their ability to perform under difficult conditions and training activities involving strict discipline. Peyks were also an important figure that symbolized discipline and power. In this context, they took part in ceremonies. Running was historically used as a means of communication rather than a sport, and in this direction, the role of Peyks in the Ottoman Empire in the communication network is discussed. Thus, this research examines the benefits they had for the administrative and military structure of the state within the scope of the source scans of the period.