StyleAM: Perception-Oriented Unsupervised Domain Adaption for No-Reference Image Quality Assessment

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have shown great potential in no-reference image quality assessment (NR-IQA). However, the annotation of NR-IQA is labor-intensive and time-consuming, which severely limits its application, especially for authentic images. To relieve the dependence on quality annotation, some works have applied unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) to NR-IQA. However, the above methods ignore the fact that the alignment space used in classification is sub-optimal, since the space is not elaborately designed for perception. To solve this challenge, we propose an effective perception-oriented unsupervised domain adaptation method <bold xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">StyleAM</b> (<bold xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Style</b> <bold xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">A</b>lignment and <bold xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">M</b>ixup) for NR-IQA, which transfers sufficient knowledge from label-rich source domain data to label-free target domain images. Specifically, we find a more compact and reliable space i.e., feature style space for perception-oriented UDA based on an interesting observation, that the feature style (i.e., the mean and variance) of the deep layer in DNNs is exactly associated with the quality score in NR-IQA. Therefore, we propose to align the source and target domains in a more perceptual-oriented space i.e., the feature style space, to reduce the intervention from other quality-irrelevant feature factors. Furthermore, to increase the consistency (i.e., ordinal/continuous characteristics) between quality score and its feature style, we also propose a novel feature augmentation strategy Style Mixup, which mixes the feature styles (i.e., the mean and variance) before the last layer of DNNs together with mixing their labels. Extensive experimental results on many cross-domain settings (<italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">e.g.</i>, synthetic to authentic, and multiple distortions to one distortion) have demonstrated the effectiveness of our proposed StyleAM on NR-IQA.