Application of LoRa Technology in Monitoring Solution for Photovoltaic Systems

Solar array systems with photovoltaic (PV) modules are extensively utilized in remote fields, agriculture, military, and various other sections. However, the challenge lies in the long distances between these installations and end-users, necessitating remote monitoring systems. In this study, we leverage Long Range (LoRa) wireless communication technology due to its extended range, cost-effectiveness, and user-friendly nature. The study focuses on the design and implementation of a Monitoring System (MS) tailored for PV applications, utilizing LoRa technology. The primary objective is to enhance the efficiency, reliability, and maintenance of PV installations by continuously monitoring system health and performance. The MS encompasses sensors, microcontrollers, and processors to collect and process data on PV, battery banks, load, and grid parameters, including voltage, current, temperature, and state of charge (SoC). Processed data is transmitted via LoRa to a centralized control station for analysis and decision-making. LoRa's attributes, such as long-range coverage, low power consumption, and obstacle penetration, make it particularly suitable for remote PV installations. We provide a detailed overview of the system architecture, components, communication protocols, as well as data processing algorithms and battery health estimation techniques. Experimental evaluation conducted on a test PV setup demonstrates the MS's effectiveness in monitoring battery health, anomaly detection, and facilitating remote maintenance in the normal and up-normal conditions and modes. Simulation on the MATLAB/Simulink platform validates the system's functionality under various operating conditions, ensuring robust performance.