COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF VARIOUS BIOFERTILIZERS IN COMPLEX WITH ZEOLITE ON PRODUCTIVITY AND MICROBIOCENOSIS OF BUCKWHEAT

The research was conducted to assess the effect of biofertilizers on productivity and microbiocenosis of buckwheat. The experiment was conducted in 2023 in a greenhouse in the Republic of Tatarstan on buckwheat of the Nikolskaya variety. The experimental scheme included the following options: without plants (control 1); without fertilizers (control 2); N60P60K60; zeolite from the Tatar-Shatrashan deposit (particle size 0.04 mm) 1 t/ha; soaking seeds in a suspension of a consortium of microorganisms at the rate of 1 l/t per day. preparation; soaking of seeds in suspension of the biological preparation Azolene (Azotobacter vinelandii IB-4) at the rate of 1 l/t of the preparation; consortium of microorganisms + zeolite; Azolene + zeolite. The consortium of microorganisms included strains of nitrogen-fixing (Azotobacter chroococcum and Pseudomonas brassicacearum) and phosphate-mobilizing (Sphingobacterium multivorum and Achromobacter xylosoxidans) rhizobacteria isolated from the soil of Tatarstan, identified and deposited in a 1:1 ratio by suspension weight (bacterial suspension density up to 8,109 CFU/cm3). Buckwheat yields in the variants with zeolite and mineral fertilizer were 1.3 and 1.8 times higher than in the control, respectively. The maximum weight of fruits in the experiment was noted in variants with a consortium of microorganisms in pure form and together with zeolite - 2.5 and 2.9 times higher than in the control. Biofertilizers, NPK and zeolite can be arranged in the following order according to their effectiveness: consortium of microorganisms > consortium of microorganisms + zeolite > NPK > zeolite. The use of Azolene did not lead to an increase in buckwheat yield compared to the control. During the growing season, in variants with a consortium of microorganisms, not only the best representation of agronomically significant microorganisms (ammonifiers, diazotrophs, phosphate mobilizers, actinobacteria) was noted, but also a high respiratory activity of the soil microbiota. A consortium based on autochthonous nitrogen-fixing and phosphate-mobilizing bacteria can serve as the basis for the creation of an integrated biofertilizer for a wide range of crops.